Occupational, Environmental, and Climate Medicine Program

Exposure to ambient air pollutants and acute respiratory distress syndrome risk in sepsis

John P Reilly
Zhiguo Zhao
Michael G S Shashaty
Tatsuki Koyama
Tiffanie K Jones
Brian J Anderson
Caroline A Ittner
Thomas Dunn
Todd A Miano
Oluwatosin Oniyide
John R Balmes
Michael A Matthay
Carolyn S Calfee
Jason D Christie
Nuala J Meyer
Lorraine B Ware
2023

Purpose: Exposures to ambient air pollutants may prime the lung enhancing risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in sepsis. Our objective was to determine the association of short-, medium-, and long-term pollutant exposures and ARDS risk in critically ill sepsis patients.

Methods: We analyzed a prospective cohort of 1858 critically ill patients with sepsis, and estimated short- (3 days), medium- (6 weeks), and long- (5 years) term exposures to ozone, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide...

Association between long-term exposure to particulate air pollution with SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 deaths in California, U.S.A

Paul B English
Julie Von Behren
John R Balmes
John Boscardin
Catherine Carpenter
Debbie E Goldberg
Sophia Horiuchi
Maxwell Richardson
Gina Solomon
Jhaqueline Valle
Peggy Reynolds
2022

Previous studies have reported associations between air pollution and COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, but most have limited their exposure assessment to a large area, have not used individual-level variables, nor studied infections. We examined 3.1 million SARS-CoV-2 infections and 49,691 COVID-19 deaths that occurred in California from February 2020 to February 2021 to evaluate risks associated with long-term neighborhood concentrations of particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5). We obtained individual address data on SARS-CoV-2 infections...

Assessment of cardiovascular load among hotel room cleaners

Duyen Dinh-Dang
Abdullah Khafagy
Niklas Krause
Carisa Harris-Adamson
2023

Hotel room cleaners are a vulnerable population at risk for cardiovascular disease. To evaluate their workload heart rate (HR), % heart rate reserve (%HRR), blood pressure (BP), metabolic equivalent (MET), and energy expenditure (EE) were measured over two workdays and two off-workdays. The mean age was 45.5 (SD 8.2) years with a mean 10.4 (SD 7.8) years of work experience. Mean average and peak HR, %HRR, MET, and EE were significantly higher during a workday than an off-workday for the entire work shift, first and last hour of work. Mean average HR and %HRR saw the largest increase...

Preventing Parkinson's Disease: An Environmental Agenda

Briana R De Miranda
Samuel M Goldman
Gary W Miller
J Timothy Greenamyre
E Ray Dorsey
2022

Fueled by aging populations and continued environmental contamination, the global burden of Parkinson's disease (PD) is increasing. The disease, or more appropriately diseases, have multiple environmental and genetic influences but no approved disease modifying therapy. Additionally, efforts to prevent this debilitating disease have been limited. As numerous environmental contaminants (e.g., pesticides, metals, industrial chemicals) are implicated in PD, disease prevention is possible. To reduce the burden of PD, we have compiled preclinical and clinical research priorities that...

COVID-19 in the Workplace: The View from California

Kristin J Cummings
Barbara L Materna
Ximena Vergara
John Beckman
Carolina Espineli
Robert Harrison
2022

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is one of the most consequential occupational diseases we have confronted in a century, requiring a broad and comprehensive approach to workplace mitigation and prevention (1). In this viewpoint, we share data documenting the profound impact of COVID-19 on workers throughout California and describe the legal and policy approaches that have been used. Although the story is still unfolding, California’s experience to date offers lessons for state and...

Global Health Impacts for Economic Models of Climate Change: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Kevin R Cromar
Susan C Anenberg
John R Balmes
Allen A Fawcett
Marya Ghazipura
Julia M Gohlke
Masahiro Hashizume
Peter Howard
Eric Lavigne
Karen Levy
Jaime Madrigano
Jeremy A Martinich
Erin A Mordecai
Mary B Rice
Shubhayu Saha
Noah C Scovronick
Fatih Sekercioglu
Erik R Svendsen
Benjamin F Zaitchik
Gary Ewart
2022

Rationale: Avoiding excess health damages attributable to climate change is a primary motivator for policy interventions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, the health benefits of climate mitigation, as included in the policy assessment process, have been estimated without much input from health experts. Objectives: In accordance with recommendations from the National Academies in a 2017 report on approaches to update the social cost of greenhouse gases (SC-GHG), an expert panel of 26 health researchers and climate economists gathered for a virtual technical...

Assessment of Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis Among Underground Hard Rock and Other Mining Industry Workers in Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah

Paul D Blanc
Laura Trupin
Edward H Yelin
Gabriela Schmajuk
2022
Importance

Respirable silica exposure has been strongly and consistently linked to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) among foundry workers, persons in the construction trades, stone crushers and drillers, and coal miners. However, risk of RA in hard rock mining has not been thoroughly investigated.

Objective

To analyze occupational risk of RA in hard rock miners in Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional survey study estimated the association between mining industry work and reported RA in a random-digit...